「オヤジギャグ」と「言葉遊び」の違い

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さて今回は「オヤジギャグ」と「言葉遊び」の違いについての所感を述べるのが目的です．私は自分の発言に対して「オヤジギャグですね」という評価を受けることが心外で「いやいや，これは言葉遊びであり，オヤジギャグではないのです」という不毛な説明をすることがあります．互いの言葉の定義のすり合わせなしに，言葉尻に対して言い返すのは一段上の不毛さがありますが，少なくとも自分の言葉の定義を明確にしておきたいと思い，整理のために考えをまとめることにしました．下記は全て私の定義であることを断っておきます．

ある発言に対する反応を「音」と「意味」の２つの関連性から考えます．普通の奇をてらわないやり取りの場合，直前の発言に対して意味の関連性の高い反応をすると，それは会話となります．意味の関連性が高い，というのは話が繋がっている状態です．あるいは意味の関連性が低い反応をすると，それは会話にならない状態です．

そこに「音の関連性」を混ぜると生まれるのが，それぞれオヤジギャグであり言葉遊びだと定義します．意味の関連性が低いが音の関連性が高い状態がオヤジギャグです．例えばリプトンの紅茶の味について議論が進んでいる際に「まさに膠着状態ですね」というようなコメントを挟むようなことです．図表に示したように意味の関連性においては会話にならないレベルです．話の腰を折っています．「これがホントの」などの枕詞で語られるコメントは大体がこのパターンになります．聞いていて恥ずかしくなります．

一方言葉遊びはどうかというと，直前の発言やそれまでの流れに対して，意味の関連性を保ちながら，その上で音の関連性を示した反応になります．図表に示したように会話と同じ水準の意味の関連性が求められています．これを実装するのは難しいことです．例えば前のリプトンの紅茶の例で言えば，議論が止まってしまった際に「まさに膠着状態ですね」と合いの手を入れれば，それは言葉遊びになります．話の流れを読まなければいけないのです．前述の音だけに引きづられたオヤジギャグとは全く性質の違うものだとご理解頂けたでしょうか．

言葉遊びの判定は恣意的なものです．同じ例ならば，リプトンの紅茶についての意見交換中に「私たちはリプトン調査団ですね」と言うならば，オヤジギャクと言葉遊びの間と言えます．リットン調査団がそこに現れる必然性は全くないのですが，調査とは言えないまでも意見交換をしている状況には即していると言えるからです．加えて，もしその紅茶がたまたま満州で作られたものであればどうでしょう．その場合「リットン調査団」との意味の関連が加わるので，オヤジギャグよりも言葉遊びに近いと判断したいと思います．もし紅茶とまんじゅうについての議論の際に「リプトン調査団である」と示唆したらどうなるでしょうか．もし「まんじゅうの調査」→「満州の調査」→「リットン調査団」と思考が展開すれば，オヤジギャグが言葉遊びに転化することもあるのです．

実際の状況の判定は難しいのも確かです．言葉遊びの定義は「話の流れを毀損することなく，適切な音の関連性に立脚したユーモアをアクセントとしている発言」ということを共有した上で，各々が弾力的に判定するのが現実的だと思います．また会話は生き物です．カテゴリ分けをするのは目的ではなく，より楽しい会話をするための手段と考えています．

さて，この定義を所与とした際に，上手に言葉遊びを するにはどうしたら良いでしょうか．図表で矢印で示したように２通りしかありません．つまり（１）普通の会話に，音の関連性を加える，あるいは（２）オヤジギャグ に，意味の関連性を加える，の２通りです．どちらも語彙力や文脈をつかむ力が要求され，何よりも対話者への敬意も必要です．これは一朝一夕に達成できるものではありません．自分の言葉の定義が万人に共有されていないのは知りつつも，私が自分の発言をオヤジギャグと言われて反論したくなってしまうのは，それが「会話にならない」と言われるのと同じであり「頭を使っていない」と言われるのと同じだからです．人に対して「頭を使ってないね」というのは相当失礼な状況です．そして自分は安易に話の腰をおるような捻りのないオヤジギャグはできるだけ避けようと思っており，何もかも混ぜてオヤジギャグと認定されることが悔しいのです．まあどれだけ「話の腰をおらない」を実践できているかわからないのは認めるところですが．

ところで，オヤジギャグというラベル張りは，私が個人的に好まないことを差し引いても，言われた当人にとって好ましいものではないと思います．オヤジギャグというラベル張りで人を安心させてしまうと，努力や思考の如何によっては洗練された会話を達成できた人の可能性を損なうことになってしまうからです．そもそも，いい大人が会話の成立しない状況に満足するなどは褒められたものではなく，それを社会が積極的に受容することが良いとは思いません．厳しいことを言えば，オヤジギャグという社会的な居場所を与えて甘やかす必要など全くないのです．同様の例で「天然ボケ」と人を呼ぶことにも弊害があると思っています．概して会話にならない性質の反応をするのが「天然ボケ」です．それを会話に押し上げる努力を本人に促すことが，天然ボケというラベルによって大きく阻害されてしまいます．周りの人間はラベルを貼ってその為体（ていたらく）に安心させるよりも，もっと批判的になるべきではないでしょうか．言うまでもなく，批判は発言者の人格に対してではなく，オヤジギャグに安住する態度に対してです．建設的な苦言を呈する，という意味です．

もちろん私自信も，常に明瞭な会話ができているとは思っておらず，常に試行錯誤の毎日です．自分の信じる「良い会話」のスタイルなども，本来相手に押し付ける性質のものではないのも理解しています．自身に関しては，現状の至らなさを受け入れつつ，人間は80年常に成長を続けると信じて，上手な会話及び言葉遊びができるよう精進したいと思います．一方で，相手を思考停止にさせ，成長を阻害するラベル張りではなく，建設的な自己批判，他者批判ができるようになりたいと思っています．

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