英語が話せるようになるまでの話

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追記：英語習得について議論していた２篇のブログ記事を元にこの文章を書いたのですが、片方が非表示になっているようなのでこちらからも削除しました。

インターネット界隈では，英語の話は盛り上がりますね．上記の話はどちらもわかるなあと思って，面白く拝読しました．私の意見は，２つ目の返答ブログを書いた方の意見に似ていますが（特に「プログラミングという力で優れているのだから，前向きになれば良い」というメッセージ），せっかくなので他にも自分の所感を書きたいと思います．

私は日本の英語教育は，もちろん改善点はあるんでしょうが，まあそれはそれで１つの形で良いんじゃないかと思っている派です．現状のカリキュラムが目的としてることの１つである，英語が読めるようになることにおいて，それなりのレベルの教育を提供しているからです． 1  自分の場合は，中学で orange をオランゲ，tangerine をタンゲリネと覚えると良いよ，という先生から英語を学んでいました．外国人の先生もいましたが，クラスでは当然日本語が飛び交って，「このクラスは悪夢だ！」と言って授業放棄した外国人教員がいたり，often をオフトンと発音するオーストラリア出身の先生を「お布団」と揶揄したり，あまつさえ猥褻な単語の意味を女性の外国人教員に質問に行くような男子中学生がいたりと，しょうもない学習環境だったと記憶しています．高校に入ると，listening か speaking かのクラスを選択することができましたが，能動的に話す speaking はめんどくさいので消去法で listening を選んだ気がします．

自分の性格もありますが，英語で一番好きだったのは文法と品詞分解で，英文の構造をパズルのように考えるのが好きでした．テストで及第点を取ることはできたのですが，「英語」を学んでいるのとは違っていたんだと思います．これは上のブログの著者の方の言葉を借りれば，ニッチな英語スキルを積み重ねていたのでしょう． 2 高校卒業まで，もちろん英語を話したこともなければ，洋楽や海外ラジオが好きみたいなこともなかったので，英語を意図的に聞いたこともありませんでした．海外旅行や短期留学なども経験がありません．「生きた英語」って何だ，というようなレベルでした．

色んな成り行きで，高校を出てアメリカの大学に入ることになったのが自分に取っての転機でした．当然話されてる英語はわかりませんでしたが，辞書を使いながら大学の教科書を読むことはできました．日本の高校英語でシェークスピアが読めるとは思いませんが，理工系の教科書は読めるものです．数式の多い理工系の大学基礎科目は概念理解が出来れば何とかなりましたし，何より日本の高校の教育水準は悪くないので，そもそもの知識もありました．大学では真面目に勉強をして（最初の１年は新しいことを学んだと言うより，知っていた内容を英語でもう一度学び直す感じだったのですが，それが調整期間になって良かったと今では思います），卒業後は大学院に入って博士号を取得し，アメリカで研究職として就職しました． 3 ざっくりしてますが，こと英語を学ぶことに関しては，特に山場も思い出もないところが実際のところです．特筆すべきことはあまりありません．

よく似た話では，英語を使えるようになるまでの「苦労話」を聞かれることがあるのですが，私には話せるような苦労話がありません．常に不便は感じていたのかもしれません。だけどそれを苦労と捉えたこともなければ，それまでの自分の経験に原因があると思ったこともありませんでした．話の成り行き上，苦労したことにした方が角が立たない場合は「subway club というサンドイッチを頼んだら crab （蟹）サンドイッチが出てきたよ」とか「焼き肉で meat lover というセットを頼んだら meat と rubber が出てきた．ゴム肉でした」などの話を適当にでっちあげることにしています．全て作り話です．あえて言うなら「苦労したことないですか」と聞かれて「ないです」と答えると，虚勢を張っていると思われたり，優秀な人は良いですね，みたいな表層的な反応をされることが一番の苦労です（みたいな禅問答ができるでしょうか．） 4 アメリカで外国人が直面するだろう諸々の洗礼を受けながら，４年経ち，８年経ち，気付けばそれなりに英語が使えるようになっていたのだと思います．１つ目のブログの著者の方が悩んでること（言ってることがわからない，飲み会は意味わからない，云々）は一通り体験していますし，いずれ話のネタになります．大上段から講釈を垂れる立場にはいませんが，真面目に自分と向き合い生きることで，時間が解決するに違いありません．なのでそんなことでは腐らず，著者の方のエンジニアとしての成功を心より祈念しています！

方法論などはないと思うのですが，自分が英語についてやったことを無理矢理挙げるのなら 5，１つ能動的にやったと言えることは，わからないことをわからないままにしないことでした．知らない表現に遭遇したら，その場で「スペル，発音，例文」をざっと見る，くらいのことです．その場で絶対に覚えよう，というガリガリした感じではないのですが，何かの役に立っていたのだと思いたいです． 6 大体，４年くらい経ったら英語が聞ける感じになっ て，８年くらい経ったら英語が話せる感じでした．そして今に至ります．最近は，知的な英単語などをあまり知らないことに問題意識を持ったので，Economist やら NYT などを読んで蘊蓄を言えるようになることを目指し，アメリカに来て初めて単語を覚えようと勉強するようになりました．これは13年目くらいからで，今後もまだまだ続くと思います．

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自分の経験だけで冗長になってしまったのですが，少しだけ一般的なことを言いたいと思います．一般的と言っても，自分や周りの日本人を見てての感想でしかないのですが：

  • 日本では普通の受験英語しか学んだことがない人が
  • ６年間の日本の中高の英語教育の後に
  • 英語圏の大学に入って
  • 辞書を使いながら，英語で書かれた大学レベルの教科書が読め
  • 勉強についていけて，大学からは落第しない
  • だから４年くらいで大学を卒業できる
  • 卒業する頃にはそれなりにコミュニケーションもできて
  • 人によっては大学院に入学，卒業して
  • 現地なり，日本なりで仕事を見つけて働いている

自分が仲の良かった友人は，真面目で勤勉な人が多かったと思いますが，上記に該当する人が多かったように思います．私も含めて，何らかの特殊スキルや，子どもの頃の海外経験があったわけでもない日本人です．多くの日本人が，日本の高校までの英語教育を足がかりに，アメリカの大学で学ぶ素地がきちんとできていて，落第せずに滞在資格を失わず，学生をやっている間に勤勉で真面目な生活を送れば，５年くらい経ったら英語を使えるようになっている．これは誇張があるわけでもなく，一般的な日本人が十分達成できる水準です． 7 もちろん不便なこともあるし，腹立たしいこともあるし，人間関係が構築しづらいこともあるけど，そういうのは生きていればどこに住んでいても起こることで，英語と因果関係があるのかはわかりませんので，長い目でみて気楽にやるのが良いのではないかと思います．

まとめますと，日本の英語教育は，目的の１つである「読み」については良い線いってるんじゃないか，と思います．何故そう思うかについて，学部留学した友人を見ると，その日本の受験英語が取っ掛かりになって，一定レベルの英語を使うのに支障がない，立派に仕事をしている大人になっている人は少なくない，という理由を挙げました．あと，もう少し一般的な話で，（中学高校の）６年間程度でで何かができるようになるという前提自体が，森羅万象の物事の深みに思いが及んでいない無理な期待であり，ある意味おこがましい話だとも思います．数学・理科を６年勉強したけど何もできない，って怒る人は聞いたことありませんし，スポーツだって楽器だって，プログラミング言語だって同じなのかと思います．英語も同様で，自分のライフワークとして少しずつ積み上げることが大事ではないでしょうか．

ーーー
高校のたった３年間で　できることなんか限られとる　全部やろう思てもムリや
そやから豊玉の練習は　オフェンス８に ディフェンス２くらいのもんや
そらあ 批判もあるけどな　そんでええのや

最後に北野先生の名言を借りました．一度に全てできなくても，少しずつできることが増えていけば，そんでええんじゃないですか．

Notes:

  1. ちなみに「読み書き」ではありません．日本の英語教育が「読み書き偏重」だと思ってる人が，どれくらいの英語を「書ける」のかはよく知りません． ↩
  2. ただニッチと言っても役に立ってると思います．私の今の英語力は全てこれらの土台の上にあるのは明白ですし． ↩
  3. 余談ですが，日本の会社勤めの人はポスドクは就職と認めてくれないようですが，１つのポジションの競争率が50倍を超えることもあるような確固とした「就職」です．以前，給料を貰っているのか聞かれたことがありますが，非常に失礼な質問であることを自覚して欲しいものです．まあこれは完全に余談です．笑 ↩
  4. 理屈っぽいウザいことを言うと，苦労の定義は人によって違うので，人の苦労話を聞いても自分に関係ない可能性があります．例えば「オタクっぽい男性に電子回路の話を２時間ぶっ通しで話された」を苦労や苦行と感じる人がいるのは想像に難くないですが，私は楽しく聞ける可能性があるのです．「苦労」は主観的なものだ，という好例です． ↩
  5. なんて書きながら，小学校の時の塾の友達との一件を思い出しました．友人が「お前はどうやって勉強してるんだ」としつこく聞いてきて「特別なことは何もやってない」というのを絶対に信じてくれない，ということがあったのです．最終的には，家に招いて一緒に勉強することになった，という何だか色々と懐かしい事件でした．この友人は嫌いではなかったんですが，当時からコツコツとした積み重ねをする前に方法論にこだわる姿勢（何か上手いやり方があるんじゃないか，みたいな）に対して，違和感がありました． ↩
  6. ちなみに，私は同様のことを日本語の知らない表現に対しても行うので，これは一般的な自分の習慣なのだろうと思います．少し前に学んだお気に入りの日本語は「諧謔を弄する」です．意味わかりますか？ ↩
  7. もちろん，お金について，親の理解についてなど，色んな他の要素ももちろんあるでしょう．また，生活がだらけてしまい，学習どころではない日本人留学生も存在します．それはどこに住んでいても同じです． ↩

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